Introduction: The biopharmaceutical industry has several notable characteristics such as high R&D costs of $ 125 million to $ 250 million per drug, long-term commercialization cycles, and very complex and often long-term legislative procedures. All of these are associated with a high level of inherent uncertainty in the innovation process. Another characteristic of the biotechnology industry is the division of the innovative workforce between biotechnology R&D firms and pharmaceutical firms (customers) according to their capabilities. Dynamic knowledge bases such as genomes, molecular biology and proteomics as well as the novelty and fluidity of the biotechnology industry's scientific and technical knowledge needed to develop new products. This shows that the collaboration between companies is beneficial. Because the biotechnology industry includes a population of relatively young companies (e. g., proprietary biotechnology companies), there exists research partnership among these venture entrepreneurs, established and sustainable companies, and / or universities (Sorrentino and Garaffo, 2012) As mentioned above, adopting a strategy of participatory commercialization in today's changing environment is one of the vital business strategies of the firm (Standing et al., 2008). The increasing trend of coalition building since the 1980s and the increasing share of revenue from the implementation of this strategy in firms indicate the growing importance of their use (Kanzanilo et al., 2017). The output of the participatory approach has received much attention as a commercialization strategy in the form of performance, and many researchers have looked at the issue from different dimensions and angles. However, the lack of a comprehensive view of all the dimensions and constructs that determine performance is felt in the research literature. Thus, the present study seeks to identify the determinants of the performance of the participatory commercialization strategy (strategic alliance) in the bio-pharmaceutical industry (biosimilar). The study helps to develop the theoretical foundations of commercialization strategies by reviewing the latest articles in the reputable scientific databases. Then, a model extracted from the research literature is validated through the group modeling technique by 20 industry experts and 10 academic experts. The results are presented as the final model in the research. Methodology: In general, the design of the present study is based on the five-step approach presented by McKenzie et al. (1999). Accordingly, the research stages include 1) research design: explaining the problem and reviewing the theoretical background, 2) conducting research and model construction: developing a conceptual framework and determining the relevant structures, 3) research validation: general validation of research and data collection, 4) data analysis: analysis of the results using descriptive-analytical statistical methods and partial least squares, and 5) reporting the research results: summarizing the research findings and documenting the research analyses. The present study is in the field of combined research (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of the purpose and developmental in terms of data nature and analysis style. This research in the qualitative part is done through interviews and in the quantitative part through surveys. According to the objectives and type of the research, in terms of the methodology, survey is the most appropriate method. It is a method in which measurement tools are used to obtain data about the statistical sample with high accuracy, speed and efficiency, and its results can be generalized to a larger community. The sampling method in this research in the qualitative part is theoretical sampling, and the statistical population of the research is all the research published in valid domestic and foreign scientific databases until 2020. The studies have been scoured in order to obtain a sample that causes theoretical saturation. Theoretical validity was the basis of the validity of this study. In order to achieve it, extensive field studies, theoretical pluralism, and experts’ opinions were used. In addition, the model for performance prediction by the Biopharma's participatory commercialization strategy in Iran has been done through the validation steps of Lavache (1975). Results and Discussion: In this study, a group of 30 people was selected as the focus group. Based on the criterion of action and the structure of the conceptual model, the value of content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated. The demographic characteristics of respondents included age, level of education, gender, history of activity in the field of medicine, history of activity in the field of biosimilars, and research background in the field of biosimilars commercialization strategies. Most experts (more than 70%) were in the age range of 36 to 51 years. More than 83% of the responding experts had PhD degrees. Only one female respondent was present in the panel of experts. More than 75% of the experts had at least six years of experience in the pharmaceutical field. More than 46% of them had more than 10 years of experience in the field of biosimilars. In addition to the history of practical activities in the field of biopharma, the panel of research experts had research backgrounds. There were also master's theses, doctoral dissertations, books, dissertation consultations, articles, and research projects. The quorum required for the content validity ratio for each of the indicators waa 0. 33. Conclusion: This study addresses a set of underlying factors including dynamic management of coalition capability, social capital, learning, ownership regimes, productive resource composition, coalition governance, opportunistic behavior, trust, conflict management, relational capital, partner appropriateness and environmental dynamics. The study aims at the formation of strategic alliances for the commercialization of biopharmaceuticals. In previous studies, however, these factors were not examined simultaneously and comprehensively. Currently, the dominant commercialization in the Iranian biosimilar industry is based on an independent and individualized strategy.

With increasing the importance of research commercialization, significant efforts are being conducted to commercialize researches in universities and research centers. Hence, assessing commercialization activities and identifying criteria and indicators for measuring the performance of commercialization are essential. In this paper, by reviewing the present data sources, the measurement indicators of commercialization activity in the universities and research centers of the leading countries in particular Malaysia, Australia and Norway are recognized, and as a case study the ones in Norway are analyzed. With library method and by referring to databases and government reports, the data researches are collected; the documents and the previous studies records are analyzed with exploratory approach. Among the most important recognized criteria and indicators, besides the general indicators of measuring commercialization, one can point out the industrial investment volume in R&D of the number of suggested ideas offered by the universities and research institutes with commercial potential, number of patent applications and patents, number of license deals and licensing income, number of founded spin-off companies and their performances, and joint scientific publications between universities and industry. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of a number of the indicators and also ranking of the five universities under study based on the aforementioned indicators are another part of the present research results. Furthermore, some suggestions about the way of measuring the commercialization of the results of universities researches are presented. It is expected that the proposed indicators cover the various dimensions and aspects of commercialization and they are used by our universities and research centers in assessing the commercialization performance of their strategic plans.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the commercialization model of Iran's football industry based on sustainable development and performance.Methodology: Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 experts. According to the Charmaz Foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling.Results: The results showed that the Iranian football industry does not have a sustainable performance in the two income and sports sectors due to severe weakness in profitability and commerciality. According to the research results, these factors and factors are at three structural levels including (macroeconomic, microeconomic, ownership and investment) which are rooted in macro-structures of the economic, legal and managerial structural structure, Contextual (policy-making, planning, and management, which indicate factors that provide the basis for appropriate and profitable activities of economic enterprises in the sports and football industries) and institutional (sports, income, infrastructure, management, which requires defining and creating changes in strategic and operational planning in the country's football industry institutions) can be examined.Conclusion: For effective commercialization based on development and sustainable performance in both sports and revenue sectors, appropriate measures must be taken, requirements must be met, and considerations of the model presented in this study must be taken into account, which will provide the basis for the profitability of clubs and subsequently.

Medical or therapeutic biology is dedicated to the development of research tools, diagnosis, development and delivery of drugs and vaccines through the use of cellular systems or processes and biological molecules. A very important strategic choice of companies in the biological drug industry is technology trading strategy. Independent commercialization strategy is recognized as one of the trade drugs in the world. The purpose of the present study is to identify predictions for the performance of independent commercialization strategy in Iran's biological industry using a comprehensive method. In this method, after the filtering of the articles, finally 42 studies that directly addressed the performance of independent commercialization in biological drugs entered the analysis phase of the Maxicioda software. After the combination of 68 distinct passwords, and at higher abstraction levels of the passwords in the form of 9 themes (strategic orientation, technology commercialization intelligence, R&D capability, product development knowledge integration, commercialization (production and marketing), The state-supporting mechanism of government and ownership regimes, formal integration and environmental dynamics were set. In order to construct the conceptual model of the research, they were extracted based on the component output, predictive structures of independent trading strategy, how the structures communication, and their measurement indicators were extracted. The validity of the proposed model based on the country's biotechnology experts with the Lavos content validity method and the minimum square minimum technique is: Independent commercial strategy performance predictions with a 91% determination coefficient include: Official integrity and integrity. Innovation, strategic orientation, technology commercialization, R&D capability, production capability and marketing.

competitive advantage and the survival knowledge-based start-up companies depends on maintaining and enhancing the commercialization of technology, the core of the attention of novice business managers is the evaluation and measurement of the TC. In this research, priority is given to the factors affecting the performance of TC and its evaluation in 50 novice students based on the growth center of Science and Technology Park of Tehran University using the FBWM technique. In order to achieve this goal, a comprehensive overview of the literature of the subject has been used by the experts of the experts including the managers of Tehran University of Science and Technology Park and the top companies of the universities in the growth stage of the park. The results of the research show that the speed of commercialization through the number and timing of acquiring new products is the most important factor in the performance of TC. Also, according to the factors of the scale of technology, with the effective use of patented patents and technical knowledge, the future of the market and the scope of the market from the perspective of the experts have become the next important levels.

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization.

This study intends to investigate the impact of market risk management and commercialization risk on the performance of new service development. The research method used is descriptive survey. The statistical population includes 1080 managers and employees of Irene Insurance Company. The sample size was 284 based on Cochran's formula, which was selected by simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to measure the concepts and the collected data were analyzed using statistical, descriptive and inferential tests. The validity of the questionnaires was evaluated based on the validity of the structure and convergence and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested based on the partial least squares method and SmartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that market risk management has a positive effect on the performance of new service development. Commercialization risk also has a positive effect on the performance of new service development.

Medical or therapeutic biotechnology is the development of research tools, the diagnosis, development and delivery of drugs and vaccines through the use of cellular systems or processes and biological molecules. A very important strategic choice of technology-oriented enterprises in the biopharmaceutical industry is the commercialization strategy. The strategy of purchasing and merging as one of the strategies for commercialization and biomedical drugs has been less considered and researched in the research literature than other strategies. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model of commercialization strategy, merge and acquisition in the country's biopharmaceutical industry based on a consecutive qualitative-quantitative mixed approach. To analyze the research literature, the meta synthesis method and to content validation of the proposed model, the group modeling technique based on the opinion of experts and in a small part based on the survey strategy and the partial least squares technique have been used. The results showed that among the seven categories of predictors, including,Resource complementarity, information asymmetry, experience of alliance between buyer and purchased company, related purchasing experience, cultural, geographical, and business proximity, knowledge and resource transfer (functional, operational, and managerial) and integration process and performance category as The consequence of this strategy, in the bio-pharmaceutical industry of the country, the only issue is the complementarity of resources for companies active in this industry as a predictor.

Nowadays, commercializing intellectual properties has become one of the institutional goals of universities in the higher education system. In fact, the universities are generally taking an entrepreneurial framework. Commercialization of university research may have a positive role in the development of economies through job creations and income empowerment. Therefore, performance evaluation of university research commercialization at the higher education institutes is an important subject and it has a key function in the policy making to develop science and technology. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and rank the efficiency of universities and higher education institutions in research commercialization. The results of this paper confirm that the University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modarres University, Shiraz Technology, Basic Sciences of Zanjan and the Art University of Isfahan have relatively higher efficiently in the research commercialization and can be considered best practices.